The Digital Parenting Guidebook Audiobook

Citations

We may use affiliate links.

We have included all citations from the book for your reference here. You can click on any of the links below to navigate to a specific chapter.

Chapter 1

  1. Adam Satariano, “British Ruling Pins Blame on Social Media for Teenager's Suicide,” The New York Times, October 1, 2022,https://www.nytimes.com/2022/10/01/business/instagram-suicide-ruling-britain.html.
  2. Dan Milmo, “Psychiatrist 'unable to sleep' after seeing material viewed by Molly Russell,” The Guardian, September 27, 2022,https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2022/sep/27/molly-russell-inquiry-hears-of-distressing-self-harm-content.
  3. Victoria Rideout et al., Common Sense Census: Media Use by Tweens and Teens (San Francisco, CA: Common Sense, 2021), 22,https://www.commonsensemedia.org/research/the-common-sense-census-media-use-by-tweens-and-teens-2021.

Chapter 2

  1. See Exod 35:30–40:38.
  2. See Exod 32.
  3. Tony Reinke, God, Technology, and the Christian Life (London: Crossway, 2022), 292.
  4. Brooke Auxier et al., “Parenting Children in the Age of Screens,” Pew Research Center, July 28, 2020, https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/2020/07/28/parenting-children-in-the-age-of-screens/.

Chapter 3

  1. See Esth 4:14b.
  2. See Phil 4:19.
  3. See Rom 12:2.
  4. Moses Y. Lee, “What the Early Church Can Teach Us About the Coronavirus,” The Gospel Coalition (blog), March 12, 2020,https://www.thegospelcoalition.org/article/what-early-church-teach-coronavirus/.
  5. See Matt 5:14.

Chapter 4

  1. Timothy Keller, Every Good Endeavor: Connecting Your Work to God's Work (New York: Penguin Books, 2014), 48. 2 Arthur C. Brooks, “Technology Can Make Your Relationships Shallower,” The Atlantic, September 29, 2022,https://www.theatlantic.com/family/archive/2022/09/technology-happiness-communication-relationships/671586/.

Chapter 5

  1. Rideout et al., Common Sense Census, 13.
  2. This figure utilizes the previously cited study, The Common Sense Census. When the total duration is calculated, it is based on 16 waking hours per day. The sum per category is based on the daily averages provided by the study.
  3. Sylvie Royant-Parola et al., “The Use of Social Media Modifies Teenagers' Sleep-Related Behavior,” L'Encéphale 44, no. 4 (2018), 321-328. doi:10.1016/j.encep.2017.03.009.
  4. Jean Twenge, “Teens Have Less Face Time with Their Friends - and Are Lonelier than Ever,” The Conversation, March 20, 2019, https://theconversation.com/teens-have-less-face-time-with-their-friends-and-are-lonelier-than-ever-113240.
  5. Maryanne Wolf, “Skim Reading Is the New Normal. The Effect on Society Is Profound,” The Guardian, August 25, 2018, https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2018/aug/25/skim-reading-new-normal-maryanne-wolf.
  6. Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study. “About the Study,” Accessed January 28, 2023. https://abcdstudy.org/about/.
  7. John S. Hutton et al., “Associations between Digital Media Use and Brain Surface Structural Measures in Preschool-Aged Children,” Scientific Reports 12, no. 19095 (2022). doi:10.1038/ s41598-022-20922-0.
  8. John S. Hutton, “Screen Usage Linked to Differences in Brain Structure in Young Children,” Cincinnati Children's Research Horizon (blog), November 9, 2022, https://scienceblog.cincinnatichildrens.org/screen-usage-linked-to-differences-in-brain-structure-in-young- children/.
  9. Midori Yamamoto et al., “Screen Time and Developmental Performance Among Children at 1-3 Years of Age in the Japan Environment and Children's Study,” JAMA Pediatrics (September 2023). doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2023.3643.
  10. Sara Novak, “Investigating Screen Time's Impact on the Attention Span,” Discover Magazine, December 10, 2021, https://www.discovermagazine.com/mind/investigating-screen-times-impact-on-the-attention-span.
  11. Thomas N. Robinson et al., “Screen Media Exposure and Obesity in Children and Adolescents,” Pediatrics 140, no. S2 (November 2017): S97-S101. doi:10.1542/peds.2016- 1758K.
  12. Konstantinos D. Tambalis et al., “Insufficient Sleep Duration Is Sleep Duration Is Associated with Dietary Habits, Screen Time, and Obesity in Children,” Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine 14, no. 10 (October 2018): 1689-1696. doi:10.5664/jcsm.7374.
  13. Nikita A. Wong and Hamed Bahmani, “A Review of the Current State of Research on Artificial Blue Light Safety as It Applies to Digital Devices,” Heliyon 8, no. 8 (August 2022): e10282. doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10282.
  14. Matthew A. Christensen et al., “Direct Measurements of Smartphone Screen-Time: Relationships with Demographics and Sleep,” PLOS One 11, no. 11 (2016): e0165331. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0165331.
  15. Ronald Rolheiser, The Holy Longing: The Search for a Christian Spirituality (New York: Doubleday, 1999), 31-33.
  16. National Center for Statistics and Analysis, “Distracted Driving 2019,” National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, April 2021. https://crashstats.nhtsa.dot.gov/Api/Public/ViewPublication/813111.
  17. Aimee E. Cox. et al., “Prevalence of distracted driving by driver characteristics in the United States,” Journal of Safety Research 86, (2023), 346-356. doi:10.1016/j.jsr.2023.07.013.
  18. David Hill et al., “Media and Young Minds,” Pediatrics 138, no. 5 (November 2016): e20162591. doi:10.1542/peds.2016-2591.
  19. Hill et al., “Media and Young Minds,” e20162591.
  20. Xiaochun Xie and Julan Xie, “Parental Phubbing Accelerates Depression in Late Childhood and Adolescence: A Two-Path Model,” Journal of Adolescence 78 (2020): 43-52. doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2019.12.004.

Chapter 6

  1. Ginsberg v. New York, 390 U.S. 629 (1968).
  2. “‘Game of Thrones' Draws 7.1 Million Viewers for Blood-Filled Finale,” Reuters, June 16, 2014, https://www.reuters.com/article/us-television-gameofthrones-idUSKBN0ER2N520140616.
  3. Matt Springer, “Game of Thrones,” Common Sense Media, Accessed October 23, 2023, http://www.commonsensemedia.org/tv-reviews/game-of-thrones.
  4. “Things Are Looking Up in America's Porn Industry,” NBC News, January 20, 2015, http://www.nbcnews.com/business/business-news/things-are-looking-americas-porn-industry-n289431 .
  5. “How to Tell if Someone in a Porn Video is a Trafficking Victim,” Fight the New Drug, Accessed February 20, 2023, https://fightthenewdrug.org/how-can-you-identify-sex-trafficking-victims-in-porn/.
  6. “2019 Youth Risk Behavior Survey Data,” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Accessed January 27, 2023, http://www.cdc.gov/healthyyouth/data/yrbs/data.htm.
  7. Camille Mori et al., “Are Youth Sexting Rates Still on the Rise? A Meta-analytic Update,” The Journal of Adolescent Health 70, no. 4 (2022): 531-539. doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2021.10.026.
  8. “The World's Busiest Websites in 2020,” Fasthosts, Accessed February 20, 2023, https://www.fasthosts.co.uk/web-hosting/busiest-websites/data.
  9. “Judge Refuses to Dismiss Visa as a Defendant in Suit Against Pornhub for Child Pornography,” The Villanova Law Institute to Address Commercial Sexual Exploitation, September 8, 2022, https://cseinstitute.org/judge-refuses-to-dismiss-visa-as-a-defendant-in-suit-against-pornhub-for-child-pornography/.
  10. Kate Rooney and Yun Li, “Visa and Mastercard Suspend Payments for Ad Purchases on Pornhub and Mindgeek amid Controversy,” CNBC, August 4, 2022. http://www.cnbc.com/2022/08/04/visa-suspends-card-payments-for-ad-purchases-on-pornhub-and-mindgeek-amid-controversy.html .
  11. Amanda Lenhart, Michele Ybarra, and Myeshia Price-Feeney, “Nonconsensual Image Sharing: One in 25 Americans has been a victim of 'Revenge Porn',” Data & Society, December 13, 2016. https://datasociety.net/library/nonconsensual-image-sharing.
  12. Dan Primack, “Onlyfans Has Tons of Users, but Can't Find Investors,” Axios, August 19, 2021. http://www.axios.com/2021/08/19/onlyfans-investors-struggle.
  13. Chad Sapieha, “Grand Theft Auto V (2022),” Common Sense Media, Accessed: March 5, 2023, http://www.commonsensemedia.org/game-reviews/grand-theft-auto-v-2022.
  14. “Take-Two Interactive Software, Inc.,” Take-Two Interactive Software, November 2022, https://ir.take2games.com/static-files/f0f9ff64-0b90-4781-bd7c-76e016e03a1e.
  15. Wikipedia. “List of Best-Selling Video Games,” Last modified August 17, 2023. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_best-selling_video_games.
  16. Rebecca Onion, “Netflix's No. 1 Show Will Make You Feel Gross, but You Should Watch It Anyway,” Slate, September 22, 2021, https://slate.com/culture/2021/09/squid-game-netflix-review.html.
  17. Laura Stockdale et al., “Cool, Callous and in Control: Superior Inhibitory Control in Frequent Players of Video Games with Violent Content,” Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience 12, no. 12 (December 2017): 1869-1880. doi:10.1093/scan/nsx115.
  18. See John 10:10.
  19. Manju George et al., “Psychosocial Aspects of Pornography,” Journal of Psychosexual Health 1, no. 1 (2019): 44-47. doi:10.1177/2631831818821535.
  20. “Young People, Pornography & Age-Verification,” British Board of Film Classification, 2020, http://www.bbfc.co.uk/about-classification/research.
  21. “Age of First Exposure to Pornography Shapes Men's Attitudes Toward Women,” American Psychological Association, August 3, 2017, http://www.apa.org/news/press/releases/2017/08/pornography-exposure.
  22. Alan McKee, “Yes, Your Child Will Be Exposed to Online Porn. But Don't Panic — Here's What to Do Instead,” The Conversation, November 16, 2020. https://theconversation.com/yes-your-child-will-be-exposed-to-online-porn-but-dont-panic-heres-what-to-do-instead-149900.
  23. Shiona McCallum, “Children as Young as Nine Exposed to Pornography,” BBC News, January 31, 2023. https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-64451984.
  24. Mori et al., “Are Youth Sexting Rates Still on the Rise?”
  25. Joseph A. Dake et al., “Prevalence and Correlates of Sexting Behavior in Adolescents,” American Journal of Sexuality Education 7, no. 1 (2012): 1-15. doi:10.1080/15546128.2012.6509 59.
  26. Yuji Nakamura, “Peak Video Game? Top Analyst Sees Industry Slumping in 2019,” Bloomberg, January 23, 2019. http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-01-23/peak-video-game-top-analyst-sees-industry-slumping-in-2019.
  27. Lavinia McLean and Mark Griffiths, “The Psychological Effects of Video Games on Young People: A Review,” Aloma: Revista de Psicologia, Ciències de l'Educació i de l'Esport 31, no. 1 (2013), 119-133. http://www.revistaaloma.net/index.php/aloma/article/view/184.
  28. Craig A. Anderson, “Violent Video Games: Myths, Facts, and Unanswered Questions,” Psychological Science Agenda, October 2003, http://www.apa.org/science/about/psa/2003/10/anderson.
  29. Siobhán Healy-Cullen et al., “Youth Encounters with Internet Pornography: A Survey of Youth, Caregiver, and Educator Perspectives,” Sexuality & Culture 26, (2022): 491-513. doi:10.1007/s12119-021-09904-y.

Chapter 7

  1. Feijun Luo et al., “Impact of Business Cycles on US Suicide Rates, 1928-2007,” American Journal of Public Health 101, no. 6 (2011): 1139-46. doi:/10.2105/AJPH.2010.300010.
  2. Jean M. Twenge, Generations: The Real Differences Between Gen Z, Millennials, Gen X, Boomers, and Silents—and What They Mean for America's Future (London: Atria Books, 2023), 392.
  3. Jean M. Twenge et al., “Age, Period, and Cohort Trends in Mood Disorder Indicators and Suicide-Related Outcomes in a Nationally Representative Dataset, 2005-2017,” Journal of Abnormal Psychology 128, (2019):185-99. doi:10.1037/abn0000410.
  4. “The Infinite Dial 2023,” Edison Research, Amazon Music, Wondery, and ART19, March 2023, http://www.edisonresearch.com/infinite-dial-2023-from-edison-research-with-amazon-music-wondery-and-art19/.
  5. “The Infinite Dial 2023.”
  6. Gwenn Schurgin O'Keeffe et al., “Council on Communications and Media; The Impact of Social Media on Children, Adolescents, and Families,” Pediatrics 127, no. 4 (April 2011): 800- 804. doi:10.1542/peds.2011-0054.
  7. Jean M. Twenge et al., “Increases in Depressive Symptoms, Suicide-Related Outcomes, and Suicide Rates Among U.S. Adolescents After 2010 and Links to Increased New Media Screen Time,” Clinical Psychological Science 6, no. 1 (2018), 3-17. doi:10.1177/2167702617723376.
  8. Georgia Wells et al., “Facebook Knows Instagram Is Toxic for Teen Girls, Company Documents Show,” The Wall Street Journal, September 14, 2021, http://www.wsj.com/articles/facebook-knows-instagram-is-toxic-for-teen-girls-company-documents-show-11631620739.
  9. In late 2021 Facebook reorganized under a new parent company named Meta. Facebook and Instagram now both exist under this parent company.
  10. Wells et al., “Facebook Knows Instagram.”
  11. Amy Orben et al., “Windows of Developmental Sensitivity to Social Media,” Nature Communications 13, no. 1 (2022): 1649. doi:10.1038/s41467-022-29296-3.
  12. Luca Braghieri, Ro'ee Levy, and Alexey Makarin, “Social Media and Mental Health,” SSRN, July 28, 2022. doi:10.2139/ssrn.3919760.
  13. Donna Freitas, The Happiness Effect (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2017), 6.
  14. Freitas, 38.
  15. Freitas, 15.
  16. Khalid Arab et al., “Influence of Social Media on the Decision to Undergo a Cosmetic Procedure,” Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery - Global Open 7, no. 8 (2019), e2333. doi:10.1097/GOX.0000000000002333.
  17. Hara Estroff Marano, “Anxiety and Depression Together,” Psychology Today, February 5, 2020. http://www.psychologytoday.com/us/articles/200310/anxiety-and-depression-together.
  18. Twenge et al., “Age, Period, and Cohort Trends.”
  19. Jean M. Twenge, iGen: Why Today's Super-Connected Kids Are Growing up Less Rebellious, More Tolerant, Less Happy - and Completely Unprepared for Adulthood (New York: Atria Books, 2017), 102.
  20. Melissa C. Mercado et al., “Trends in Emergency Department Visits for Nonfatal Self-inflicted Injuries Among Youth Aged 10 to 24 Years in the United States, 2001-2015,” JAMA 318, no. 19 (2017): 1931-1933. doi:10.1001/jama.2017.13317.
  21. Sally C. Curtin, “State Suicide Rates Among Adolescents and Young Adults Aged 10-24: United States, 2000-2018,” National Vital Statistics Reports 69, no. 11, 3. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/93667.
  22. Donna A. Ruch et al., “Trends in Suicide Among Youth Aged 10 to 19 Years in the United States, 1975 to 2016,” JAMA Network Open 2, no. 5 (2019): e193886. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.3886.
  23. “Sharing Too Soon? Children and Social Media Apps,” Mott Poll Report 39, no. 4 (October 2021), http://mottpoll.org/reports/sharing-too-soon-children-and-social-media-apps.
  24. Allison Gordon and Pamela Brown, “Surgeon General Says 13 Is 'Too Early' to Join Social Media,” CNN, January 29, 2023. https://edition.cnn.com/2023/01/29/health/surgeon-general-social-media/index.html.
  25. Yvonne Kelly et al., “Social Media Use and Adolescent Mental Health: Findings From the UK Millennium Cohort Study,” EClinicalMedicine 6, (2018): 59-68. doi:10.1016/j.eclinm.2018.12.005.

Chapter 8

  1. “Mother Sues Meta and Snap over Daughter's Suicide,” BBC News, January 21, 2022. http:// www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-60091899.
  2. Monica Anderson, “A Majority of Teens Have Experienced Some Form of Cyberbullying,” Pew Research Center, September 27, 2018. https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/2018/09/27/a-majority-of-teens-have-experienced-some-form-of-cyberbullying/.
  3. United States Sentencing Commission. “Federal Sentencing of Child Pornography: Production Offenses.” October 2021. http://www.ussc.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/research-and-publications/research-publications/2021/20211013_Production-CP.pdf.
  4. Gail Hornor et al., “Online Sexual Solicitation of Children and Adolescents in a High- Risk Population,” Journal of Pediatric Health Care 36, no. 5 (September 2022), 449-456. doi:10.1016/j.pedhc.2022.04.010.
  5. “Belleview Youth Pastor Accused of Sending Sexual Texts to 15-Year-Old Girl,” WKMG ClickOrlando, February 12, 2019, http://www.clickorlando.com/news/2019/02/12/belleview-youth-pastor-accused-of-sending-sexual-texts-to-15-year-old-girl/.
  6. Steve Helling, “Imprisoned Ariz. Teacher Who Sexually Abused Boy, 13, Is Now Tutoring Inmates in Prison,” People, November 1, 2021. https://people.com/crime/imprisoned-ariz-teacher-who-sexually-abused-boy-13-is-now-tutoring-inmates-in-prison/.
  7. Federal Bureau of Investigation. “Sextortion.” Accessed April 12, 2023. http://www.fbi.gov/how-we-can-help-you/safety-resources/scams-and-safety/common-scams-and-crimes/sextortion.
  8. “Sextortion.”
  9. “National Statistics,” National Human Trafficking Hotline, Accessed August 1, 2023, https://humantraffickinghotline.org/en/statistics.
  10. “Global Estimates of Modern Slavery,” International Labour Organization and Walk Free, 2017. http://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/@dgreports/@dcomm/documents/publication/wcms_575479.pdf.
  11. “Traffickers Abusing Online Technology, UN Crime Prevention Agency Warns,” United Nations, October 30, 2021, https://news.un.org/en/story/2021/10/1104392.
  12. Julie Jargon, “Discord Chat App is Safer Now for Kids but Still Lacks Parental Controls,” The Wall Street Journal, January 19, 2021, http://www.wsj.com/articles/discord-chat-app-is-safer-now-for-kids-but-still-lacks-parental-controls-11610805602.
  13. Gail Hornor, “Online Sexual Solicitation of Children and Adolescents,” Journal of Pediatric Health Care 34, no. 6 (2020): 610-618. doi:10.1016/j.pedhc.2020.05.008.
  14. Jennie G. Noll et al., “Revictimization and Self-Harm in Females Who Experienced Childhood Sexual Abuse: Results from a Prospective Study,” Journal of Interpersonal Violence 18, no. 12 (2003): 1452-71. doi:10.1177/0886260503258035.

Chapter 9

  1. Michael Rothfeld and Christina Caron, “After Teen's Suicide, a New Jersey Community Grapples With Bullying,” New York Times, February 13, 2023. http://www.nytimes.com/2023/02/13/nyregion/nj-teen-suicide-bullying-school.html.
  2. See Prov 20:19, Rom 1:29, 2 Cor 12:20.
  3. See Rom 12:14.
  4. See Rom 12:21b.
  5. Sameer Hinduja and Justin W. Patchin, Bullying Beyond the Schoolyard: Preventing and Responding to Cyberbullying, 2nd ed. (London: Corwin, 2014), 11.
  6. Emily A. Vogels, “Teens and Cyberbullying 2022,” Pew Research Center, December 15, 2022, http://www.pewresearch.org/internet/2022/12/15/teens-and-cyberbullying-2022/.
  7. Justin W. Patchin, “Summary of Our Cyberbullying Research (2007-2021),” Cyberbullying Research Center. June 22, 2022, http://www.cyberbullying.org/summary-of-our-cyberbullying-research.
  8. Kashmir Hill, “Middle School 'Mean Girls' Face Felony Charge For Fake Facebook Account,” Forbes, August 1, 2012. http://www.forbes.com/sites/kashmirhill/2012/08/01/mean-girls-face-felony-charge-for-fake-facebook-account/.
  9. Sameer Hinduja, “Cyberstalking,” Cyberbullying Research Center, Accessed March 21, 2023. http://www.cyberbullying.org/cyberstalking.
  10. Cyberbullying Research Center. “What is Cyberbullying?” Accessed March 21, 2023. http://www.cyberbullying.org/what-is-cyberbullying.
  11. John Suler, “The Online Disinhibition Effect,” Cyberpsychology & Behavior 7, no. 3 (2004): 321-26. doi:10.1089/1094931041291295.
  12. Jennifer Caceres and Allison Holley, “Perils and Pitfalls of Social Media Use: Cyber Bullying in Teens/Young Adults,” Primary Care: Clinics in Office Practice 50, no. 1 (March 2023): 37-45. doi:10.1016/j.pop.2022.10.008.
  13. Pamela M. Anderson, “Why Teens Don't Report Cyberbullying,” Youth Tech Health, August 2, 2017, http://www.yth.org/teens-dont-report-cyberbullying/.
  14. Shay Arnon et al., “Association of Cyberbullying Experiences and Perpetration with Suicidality in Early Adolescence,” JAMA Network Open 5, no. 6 (June 2022): e2218746. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.18746.
  15. Caceres and Holley, “Perils and Pitfalls of Social Media Use.”
  16. Elizabeth C. Lanzillo et al., “The Influence of Cyberbullying on Nonsuicidal Self-Injury and Suicidal Thoughts and Behavior in a Psychiatric Adolescent Sample,” Archives of Suicide Research 27, no. 1 (September 2021): 156-163. doi:10.1080/13811118.2021.1973630.
  17. Paul O. Wilkinson, “Nonsuicidal Self-Injury: A Clear Marker for Suicide Risk,” Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 50, no. 8 (2011): 741-743. doi:10.1037/a0030278.
  18. Elias Aboujaode et al., “Cyberbullying: Review of an Old Problem Gone Viral,” Journal of Adolescent Health 57, no. 1 (July 2015): 10-18. doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2015.04.011.
  19. Emily Sullivan, “House Intern Arrested, Charged With Doxing Senator During Kavanaugh Hearing,” National Public Radio, October 4, 2018, http://www.npr.org/2018/10/04/654264122/house-intern-arrested-for-reportedly-doxing-senator-during-kavanaugh-hearing.

Chapter 10

  1. Tracy Kitten, “Child Identity Fraud: A Web of Deception and Loss,” Javelin, November 2, 2021. http://www.javelinstrategy.com/research/child-identity-fraud-web-deception-and-loss.
  2. Greg Iacurci, “Consumers Lost $5.8 Billion to Fraud Last Year — up 70% over 2020,” CNBC, February 22, 2022. http://www.cnbc.com/2022/02/22/consumers-lost-5point8-billion-to-fraud-last-year-up-70percent-over-2020.html.
  3. Yev Pusin, “The 2022 Backup Survey: 54% Report Data Loss with Only 10% Backing Up Daily,” Backblaze, June 16, 2022. http://www.backblaze.com/blog/the-2022-backup-survey-54-report-data-loss-with-only-10-backing-up-daily/.
  4. Wikipedia. “Malware.” Last updated March 12, 2023. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malware.

Chapter 11

  1. David Gilbert, “High Schoolers Made a Racist Deepfake of a Principal Threatening Black Students,” Vice, March 8, 2023. http://www.vice.com/en/article/7kxzk9/school-principal-deepfake-racist-video.
  2. See Phil 1:9-10.
  3. See Eph 4:14.
  4. Sara Lebow, “Worldwide Digital Ad Spend Will Top $600 Billion This Year,” Insider Intelligence, January 31, 2023. http://www.insiderintelligence.com/content/worldwide-digital-ad-spend-will-top-600-billion-this-year.
  5. “World Economic Outlook Database,” International Monetary Fund, October 2021, https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2021/October/weo-report.
  6. Suzanna J. Opree et al., “Lower Life Satisfaction Related to Materialism in Children Frequently Exposed to Advertising,” Pediatrics 130, no. 3 (2012): e486-e491. doi:10.1542/peds.2011-3148.
  7. “20 Surprising Influencer Marketing Statistics,” Digital Marketing Institute (blog), October 19, 2021, http://www.digitalmarketinginstitute.com/blog/20-influencer-marketing-statistics-that-will-surprise-you.
  8. “Why YouTube Stars Are More Influential Than Traditional Celebrities,” Think with Google, Accessed April 23, 2023, https://www.thinkwithgoogle.com/_qs/documents/604/youtube-stars-influence-b.pdf.
  9. “Parents Baffled That 1 Hour of Youth Group A Week Not Effectively Combating Teen's 30 Hours On TikTok,” Babylon Bee, March 17, 2022, https://babylonbee.com/news/parents-baffled-that-1-hour-of-youth-group-a-week-not-effectively-combating-teens-30-hours-on-tiktok.
  10. Wikipedia. “Echo chamber (media).” Accessed April 20, 2023. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Echo_chamber_(media).
  11. See Acts 17:16-34.
  12. Kevin Roose, host, “Three: Mirror Image,” Rabbit Hole, episode 3, The New York Times, April 30, 2020, http://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/30/podcasts/rabbit-hole-internet-youtube-virus.html.
  13. Vikram Dodd, “Most Convicted Terrorists Radicalised Online, Finds Moj-Backed Study,” The Guardian, December 8, 2022, https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2022/dec/08/most-convicted-terrorists-radicalised-online-finds-study.
  14. While there are technically ways to do this if you fully control a network, this is beyond what your children need to consider.
  15. Morgan Freeman, “Responding to Online Reports of His Death,” Facebook, October 23, 2012, http://www.facebook.com/MorganFreeman/posts/like-mark-twain-i-keep-reading-that-i-have-died-i-hope-those-stories-are-not-tru/373897579359566/.

Chapter 12

  1. Sarah E. Domoff et al., “Development and Validation of the Problematic Media Use Measure: A Parent Report Measure of Screen Media 'Addiction' in Children,” Psychology of Popular Media Culture 8, no. 1 (2019): 2-11. doi:10.1037/ppm0000163.

Chapter 13

  1. Rideout et al., Common Sense Census.